Opinions of

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court

and the Massachusetts

Court of Appeals

To be used in conjunction with the CPS Criminal Procedure Textbook

 

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Commonwealth v. Thomas, 38 Mass.App.Ct. 928 (1995)

Appeals Court of Massachusetts.

No. 94‑P‑1553.

Feb. 28, 1995.

 

John P. Zanini, Asst. Dist. Atty., for the Com.

 

Denis Frauenhofer, for defendant.

RESCRIPT.

 

       [1][2][3] The judge correctly ruled that the action of the police in engaging the defendant, whom they knew, in casual conversation was not a stop or seizure requiring justification under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.  Commonwealth v. Fraser, 410 Mass. 541, 543‑544, 573 N.E.2d 979 (1991).  Commonwealth v. Houle, 35 Mass.App.Ct. 474, 475‑476, 622 N.E.2d 638 (1993).  It is also true, as the judge ruled, that their subsequent order that the defendant spit out the packets of cocaine that he was holding in his mouth was a seizure requiring probable cause.  Id. at 476, 622 N.E.2d 638.   Unlike the Houle case, however, the officers here had probable cause, because the plastic packets of white powder, reasonably thought to be cocaine, were plainly visible to the officers as the defendant spoke.  This case is controlled, therefore, not [38 Mass.App.Ct. 929] by Houle, where the officers knew only that the defendant had something in his mouth, but by those cases in which officers find themselves in a vantage, of right, from which they observe contraband in plain view and seize it.  Compare Sullivan v. District Ct. of Hampshire, 384 Mass. 736, 742‑743, 429 N.E.2d 335 (1981);  Commonwealth v. Blatz, 9 Mass.App.Ct. 603, 604‑605, 403 N.E.2d 945 (1980);  Commonwealth v. Skea, 18 Mass.App.Ct. 685, 688, 470 N.E.2d 385 (1984);  Commonwealth v. Rivera, 27 Mass.App.Ct. 41, 42‑43, 534 N.E.2d 24 (1989).  See also Commonwealth v. Sabetti, 411 Mass. 770, 775, 585 N.E.2d 1385 (1992).

 

       Order allowing motion to suppress reversed.

 

       The case is remanded to the District Court for further proceedings.